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Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.

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Source. Sections 3.14–3.20, printed pp. 14–18, physical pp. 20–24 of the selected thesis.

Owens describes these stages by naming a target branch, counting available complete packages, and using earlier precoverage to reduce the number of inputs needed by selected arrows. The following is the exact arithmetic of that schedule. A count of r⋅q↑r\cdot q^\uparrow means rr new complete packages, not r(q−1)r(q-1) new leaves: earlier packages serve as its regular inputs and stay in the pool.

Primes 43, 47, and 53

For prime 4343, the target is the middle prime-33 input in the fourth prime-55 input of the 44-hole. The progression is

4→5,25↑9→11↑10→3,9↑25→5⋅7↑30→31,29,2⋅1734→23,3736→3⋅1339→3⋅1942.(1)4\xrightarrow{5,25^\uparrow}9\xrightarrow{11^\uparrow}10 \xrightarrow{3,9^\uparrow}25\xrightarrow{5\cdot7^\uparrow}30 \xrightarrow{31,29,2\cdot17}34 \xrightarrow{23,37}36\xrightarrow{3\cdot13}39 \xrightarrow{3\cdot19}42. \tag{1}

For prime 4747, work in the first prime-33 input of that same prime-55 branch. Start from the first 2525 packages of (1), with the prime-33 and prime-99 packages now taken in the first class modulo 33. Seven partially precovered 7↑7^\uparrow give 3232; two 17↑17^\uparrow, one each of 29↑,31↑29^\uparrow,31^\uparrow, and three 13↑13^\uparrow give 3939; three thirteen-input 19↑19^\uparrow give 4242; and 41↑,43↑41^\uparrow,43^\uparrow, and two 23↑23^\uparrow give 46=47−146=47-1.

For prime 5353, the target is the last prime-55 input of the 44-hole, where only one 25⋅3↑⋅425\cdot3^\uparrow\cdot4 branch remains. Four atomic/two-adic packages and their prime-33 uses give 88. Prime-55, prime-2525, and two 125↑125^\uparrow completions give 2626. Two thirteen-input 19↑19^\uparrow give 2828, followed by 29↑29^\uparrow and the partially precovered 31↑31^\uparrow to give 3030. Six five-input 7↑7^\uparrow give 3636. Then three 13↑13^\uparrow, one 37↑37^\uparrow, four 11↑11^\uparrow, and one each of 41↑,43↑41^\uparrow,43^\uparrow give 4646; one 47↑47^\uparrow, two 23↑23^\uparrow, and three 17↑17^\uparrow give 52=53−152=53-1.

Primes 59, 61, 67, and 89

For prime 5959, the target is the last prime-33 input in the first prime-55 input of the 88-hole. The five starting packages 1,2,4,8,16↑1,2,4,8,16^\uparrow become 1212 after the prime-33 and prime-99 steps, then 2525 after the prime-55 step. The last of those is the cross-package

5⋅9↑(16↑,_)+9↑(_,16↑).(2)5\cdot9^\uparrow(16^\uparrow,\_) +9^\uparrow(\_,16^\uparrow). \tag{2}

Three 25↑25^\uparrow give 2828; 29↑29^\uparrow and 23↑23^\uparrow give 3030; ten three-input 7↑7^\uparrow give 4040; and the source's remaining one 4141, four 1111, one 4343, one 4747, one 3737, three 1717, four 1313, and three 1919 arrows add 1818, giving 58=59−158=59-1.

The prime-6161 branch begins with 2828 packages built as for prime 5959, adds 29↑29^\uparrow and the partially precovered 31↑31^\uparrow, and then nine four-open-input 7↑7^\uparrow to reach 3939. The subsequent schedule adds

3+1+1+1+2+1+3+4+1+6+1=24(3)3+1+1+1+2+1+3+4+1+6+1=24 \tag{3}

packages, in the order

3⋅19,37,41,43,2⋅23,47,3⋅17,4⋅13,53,6⋅11,59.3\cdot19, 37, 41, 43, 2\cdot23, 47, 3\cdot17, 4\cdot13, 53, 6\cdot11, 59.

Thus the source constructs 6363 available packages. A 61↑61^\uparrow needs only 6060 regular inputs, so three are surplus at this stage.

On the complementary prime-22 target, repeat the same construction to obtain another 6363-package pool. Two doubled 61↑61^\uparrow packages raise the count to 6565, and one 89↑89^\uparrow package supplies the last of the 6666 regular inputs of 67↑67^\uparrow. This is the only use of regular prime 8989.

Primes 71, 73, 79, and 83

For prime 7171, begin with 1,2,4,8,16↑1,2,4,8,16^\uparrow and one partially precovered 7↑7^\uparrow. Prime-33 and prime-99 packages bring the count to 1818. One each of 17↑,19↑17^\uparrow,19^\uparrow, two 11↑11^\uparrow, and two partially precovered 13↑13^\uparrow give 2424. Prime-55 and prime-2525 packages give 5454. The remaining arrows add

1+1+1+1+1+1+2+1+3+3+1=16,(4)1+1+1+1+1+1+2+1+3+3+1=16, \tag{4}

in the order $53,47,43,41,59,37,2\cdot31,61,3\cdot23, 3\cdot29,67$, giving 7070. Repeating this on the complementary half and adding two 71↑71^\uparrow packages gives the 7272 inputs for 73↑73^\uparrow.

For prime 7979, the seven packages 1,2,4,8,16,32,64↑1,2,4,8,16,32,64^\uparrow become 1414 after the prime-33 step, 2121 after seven two-input 7↑7^\uparrow, and 4747 after the prime-55 and prime-2525 steps. The later list

47,3⋅17,5⋅11,2⋅29,59,53,61,2⋅31,5⋅13,67,3⋅23,4⋅19,71,73(5)47, 3\cdot17, 5\cdot11, 2\cdot29, 59, 53, 61, 2\cdot31, 5\cdot13, 67, 3\cdot23, 4\cdot19, 71, 73 \tag{5}

adds 3131 packages, giving 7878. Finally one 79↑79^\uparrow, one 43↑43^\uparrow, and two 41↑41^\uparrow added to a translated 7878-package pool give the 8282 inputs of 83↑83^\uparrow.

Scope

Equations (1)–(5) and all intermediate totals reproduce the source exactly. They prove that enough packages are claimed at every stage. The source does not list the ordered packages used in most of these arrows or the exact earlier residue inputs denoted by its prose precoverage assertions. In particular, the counts do not exclude a repeated unbounded prime exponent when a package is nested under a prime it already contains. The entire page therefore remains conditional on the ordered-allocation interface stated on the construction ledger.