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Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.

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Statement

Notation (p. 58). For a directed graph HH with edge weighting ww and S⊂V(H)S\subset V(H), w(S,V∖S)w(S,V\setminus S) is the total weight of the edges directed from SS to its complement, and g(H)=max⁡Sw(S,V∖S)g(H)=\max_{S}w(S,V\setminus S). For m≥1m\geq1 the paper defines g(m)g(m) as "the maximum [sic] of g(H)g(H)" over directed graphs with nonnegative integer weights of total mm. A single edge of weight mm has g=mg=m, so the maximum is trivial; the inequality g(m)≥⌈f(m)/2⌉g(m)\geq\lceil f(m)/2\rceil that the paper proves next, and the lemma below, concern the minimum, which is the reading taken here.

Lemma 28 (p. 58). If m=(2n+12)m=\binom{2n+1}2, then

g(m)=(n+12)=f(m)2.g(m)=\binom{n+1}2=\frac{f(m)}2 .

Here f(m)=⌊(2n+1)2/4⌋=n(n+1)f(m)=\lfloor(2n+1)^2/4\rfloor=n(n+1) by Lemma 4. The paper then determines the extremal graphs (p. 59): a weighted directed graph of total (2n+12)\binom{2n+1}2 with g(H)=(n+12)g(H)=\binom{n+1}2 is a regular tournament on 2n+12n+1 vertices, and every regular tournament is extremal. It adds that similar results follow at m=(2n+12)+(2k+12)m=\binom{2n+1}2+\binom{2k+1}2 with n>kn>k sufficiently large, "and so on", from Theorems 1 and 12, and that for m=(2n2)m=\binom{2n}2 the best tournament gives g=f(m)/2+n/2g=f(m)/2+n/2 (pp. 59-60).

Source. B. Bollobás and A. D. Scott, Better bounds for Max Cut, Bolyai Soc. Math. Stud. 10 (2002), 185-246; Lemma 28 on p. 58 of the authors' manuscript described in the source digest, proof on pp. 58-59.

Read depth. Claims checked: statement, the definition of gg and the extremal-graph paragraph read on the page images on 2026-10-08; the proof was read and followed.

Proof pointer

Pages 58-59. The lower bound is g(m)≥⌈f(m)/2⌉g(m)\geq\lceil f(m)/2\rceil: a largest cut of the underlying weighted graph has weight at least f(m)f(m), and one of its two directions carries half. For the upper bound, the rotational tournament on Z2n+1\mathbb Z_{2n+1}, with an edge from ii to i+ji+j for 1≤j≤n1\leq j\leq n, gives a set SS of size hh exactly nh−(h2)nh-\binom h2 out-edges, at most (n+12)\binom{n+1}2. (The display (69) writes kk for ∣S∣|S| after calling it hh.) For the extremal graphs, Lemma 4 forces the underlying graph to be the unit K2n+1K_{2n+1}.

Bears on

Section 9 concerns no Erdős problem in this corpus directly.