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Source. GPT 5.6 Sol Pro, Coprime Power Differences, public manuscript shared by Liam Price in a proof claim on erdosproblems.com, 16 July 2026 (Overleaf snapshot accessed 5 September 2026), Lemma 2.1, p. 1; proof on p. 2. Provenance is on the source card.

Statement

Lemma 2.1 (p. 1). Let P\mathcal P be a finite set of primes, and for each p∈Pp\in\mathcal P let Ωp⊆Z/pZ\Omega_p\subseteq\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z have cardinality ρp≤p/2\rho_p\le p/2. Put

σ=∑p∈Pρpp,Δ=∑p∈Pρp.\sigma=\sum_{p\in\mathcal P}\frac{\rho_p}{p},\qquad \Delta=\sum_{p\in\mathcal P}\rho_p.

Then some positive integer tt has t mod p∉Ωpt\bmod p\notin\Omega_p for every p∈Pp\in\mathcal P and

log⁡t≪(σ+1)log⁡(Δ+2),\log t\ll(\sigma+1)\log(\Delta+2),

with an absolute implied constant.

The statement does not exclude P=∅\mathcal P=\varnothing, where t=1t=1 works.

Proof sketch

Count the integers in [1,X][1,X] avoiding every forbidden class by inclusion–exclusion truncated at an odd depth LL of order σ+1\sigma+1; the truncation errs on the safe side (Bonferroni). The Chinese remainder theorem makes each intersection a union of residue classes, so the count is XX times a truncated expansion of ∏p(1−ρp/p)\prod_p(1-\rho_p/p), less an error at most polynomial in Δ\Delta of degree LL. Since each ρp/p≤1/2\rho_p/p\le1/2, the product is at least e−2σe^{-2\sigma}, and the choice of LL makes the discarded tail of the expansion smaller than half of that. Taking XX of size e2σe^{2\sigma} times the error bound makes the count positive, and log⁡X≪(σ+1)log⁡(Δ+2)\log X\ll(\sigma+1)\log(\Delta+2) because σ≤Δ/2\sigma\le\Delta/2.

Dependencies. The Chinese remainder theorem and elementary inequalities. No asymptotic sieve theorem is used.

Bears on. #820, only as the sieve step of Theorem 1.1. The lemma concerns finitely many forbidden classes and claims no optimal bound for the least avoiding integer.