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Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.

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Claim. For every fixed −1≤a<b≤1-1\le a<b\le1 and every ε>0\varepsilon>0 there is NN such that for every n≥Nn\ge N and every choice of nn distinct nodes in [−1,1][-1,1] some t∈[a,b]t\in[a,b] has λ(t)>(2/π−ε)log⁡n\lambda(t)>(2/\pi-\varepsilon)\log n, where λ\lambda is the Lebesgue function; this is the question of Problem 1153 with the o(1)o(1) read as an arbitrary fixed ε\varepsilon and a threshold uniform over the nodes. The claimant, Ethan Yang, registered it on the site's proof-claims page on 2026-08-31 as an alternative proof, after the resolution of Tao 2026; the site's claim line records that GPT-5.6 Sol was used. The claim consists of a written argument and a Lean 4 development in one repository, whose only commit, of 2026-08-31, is pinned above. The repository's own description,: a final theorem Erdos1153.erdos1153_main of the type Erdos1153.Target, 69 Lean files and 26,525 lines against Lean 4.27.0 and Mathlib 4.27.0, a statement file, a clause-by-clause correspondence table, a statement audit proving the maximum formulation equivalent to the witness formulation, an expected axiom report of propext, Classical.choice and Quot.sound, and a verification script run by continuous integration. The table says that the development proves the ε\varepsilon form and does not claim Tao's additive O(1)O(1) remainder, and names the interpretive choices that kernel checking cannot settle: distinct nodes, the natural logarithm, and the threshold placed before the node family. The development was released under the MIT license.

Submission note. Posted to erdosproblems.com as a proof claim by Ethan Yang (account EthanYang) on 31 August 2026, giving "GPT-5.6 Sol" as the AI used:

I give an alternative proof of Erdős Problem #1153. For every fixed -1 <= a < b <= 1 and every epsilon > 0, uniformly over all choices of n distinct interpolation nodes in [-1,1], the proof shows that for all sufficiently large n, max_{x in [a,b]} lambda(x) > (2/pi - epsilon) log n. The main localization step uses the de Boor--Pinkus gap-height comparison theory. A collapse argument shows that any consecutive block of m nodes contains an intervening gap whose Lebesgue-function maximum is at least the common gap height of an optimal equioscillating m-node configuration. A fixed-interval damping/Remez argument then gives a sparse--dense dichotomy: either the chosen interior interval contains a positive proportion of all nodes, in which case the consecutive-block result applies, or the Lebesgue function there is already exponentially large. The sharp 2/pi coefficient comes from a full-interval estimate proved via a clipped arcsine pair-energy argument. Notes: This is an alternative proof of an already resolved problem and is not a claim of priority for its original resolution. The accompanying Lean 4/Mathlib development gives a complete formal proof. The de Boor--Pinkus comparison theorem and sharp full-interval estimate are proved within the development. The verification workflow rejects 'sorry' and project-defined axioms; '#print axioms' reports only 'propext', 'Classical.choice', and 'Quot.sound'. To my knowledge, #1153 had no previous public Lean formalisation. I would particularly welcome independent checking that the formal target faithfully captures the original problem's quantifiers and asymptotic interpretation.

Argument. In the written outline the proof has four parts. First, a sharp bound on the whole interval: a pair energy, summing over pairs of nodes the geometric mean of a clipped arcsine weight at the two nodes divided by their distance, is bounded below by about (1/π)n2log⁡n(1/\pi)n^2\log n through a partition of [−1,1][-1,1] into geometric bins in the arcsine coordinate, and bounded above by n(n−1)/2n(n-1)/2 times the Lebesgue constant through signed combinations of the fundamental polynomials and a weighted Bernstein inequality derived from a finite Riesz interpolation formula; the two bounds give max⁡[−1,1]λ>(2/π−ε)log⁡n\max_{[-1,1]}\lambda>(2/\pi-\varepsilon)\log n uniformly in the nodes. Second, the development reproves the comparison theorem of de Boor and Pinkus 1978 for arrays with fixed endpoints: a unique array equalizes the gap maxima, and an array whose gap maxima are all at most those of another array equals it. Third, a localization step: in any consecutive block of mm nodes some internal gap carries a maximum at least the common height of the equioscillating mm-node array, shown by collapsing the block onto a small affine copy of that array and applying the comparison theorem. Fourth, a dichotomy on nested fixed intervals J0⊂J1⊂[a,b]J_0\subset J_1\subset[a,b]: if few nodes lie in J1J_1, a polynomial vanishing at them and damped away from a point of J0J_0 forces λ\lambda to be exponentially large there; otherwise a positive proportion m≥cnm\ge cn of the nodes forms a consecutive block in J1J_1, and the localization with the sharp bound gives λ(t)>(2/π−ε/2)log⁡m\lambda(t)>(2/\pi-\varepsilon/2)\log m at a point t∈[a,b]t\in[a,b], where log⁡m≥log⁡n−O(1)\log m\ge\log n-O(1). The site's statement is then recovered by sorting an arbitrary enumeration of the nodes, which leaves λ\lambda unchanged.

Standing. The site registers the claim with its standard notice that it gives no correctness guarantee and that its associates have not examined any part; the thread had no comments (accessed 2026-10-07), and the site's label credits Tao. No independent review, acceptance by the site's curator, or refereed write-up is recorded. No build of the development, printout of its axioms or audit of its statement by this corpus is recorded; the description above is the repository's own, so no evidence is listed and the problem's standing rests on the accepted claim alone.

Depends on. Nothing in this wiki; the link to the de Boor and Pinkus page is context for the comparison theorem the development reproves.