Wiki
Wiki

Research notes on every problem, and a library of the papers behind them. Built from the open erdos repository.

Updated


Claim. Samuel Korsky, Improved Bounds for Cubical Decompositions, manuscript dated 5 August 2026, posted the same day as a partial proof claim on the site's proof-claims tab of Problem 769; the tab records the result as obtained using GPT-5.6 Pro, and the manuscript's acknowledgments say that the author contributed the initial discussion of quadratic nonresidues in the upper bound and that almost all of the remaining work, including the proofs and the writing, was carried out by GPT-5.6 Pro in an extended interaction, the author reviewing the manuscript and accepting responsibility for it. Let P(n)P(n) be the largest prime pp with p−1∣np-1\mid n and let θ=1/(4e)\theta=1/(4\sqrt e). Theorem 1.1 states that for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 there is CεC_\varepsilon with

c(n)≤(Cεmax⁡{P(n), nθ+ε})nc(n)\le\bigl(C_\varepsilon\max\{P(n),\,n^{\theta+\varepsilon}\}\bigr)^n

for all sufficiently large nn, so that c(n)≤n(θ+ε)nc(n)\le n^{(\theta+\varepsilon)n} for large odd nn, where P(n)=2P(n)=2; and that under the generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet LL-functions there is an absolute C0C_0 with c(n)≤(C0max⁡{P(n),(log⁡n)2})nc(n)\le(C_0\max\{P(n),(\log n)^2\})^n for large nn, so c(n)≤(C0log⁡2n)nc(n)\le(C_0\log^2n)^n for large odd nn. Theorem 1.2 states that there is an absolute C1C_1 such that for all large nn and every odd prime pp with p−1∣np-1\mid n, a tiling of the unit nn-cube by N≢1(modp)N\not\equiv1\pmod p cubes has

N≥((1−1log⁡23)n−log⁡2n−C1)2n,N\ge\Bigl(\Bigl(1-\frac1{\log_23}\Bigr)n-\log_2n-C_1\Bigr)2^n,

and hence that this lower bound holds for c(n)c(n) when nn is even (take p=3p=3). The upper bound reduces, through a numerical-semigroup lemma, to finding a short range 2≤m≤M2\le m\le M of grid sizes for which the increments mn−1m^n-1 have no common prime factor; a common prime qq puts 1,…,M1,\ldots,M into the subgroup of nn-th roots of unity of Fq×\mathbf F_q^\times, a nonresidue estimate of Pollack at the Burgess scale (or the conditional estimate of Lamzouri, Li and Soundararajan) supplies a prime outside a proper such subgroup, and products of a fixed number of small primes then give more than nn distinct elements of it. The lower bound doubles a tiling and deletes the unit cubes: when every side length is a pp-adic unit the tile count is 11 modulo pp, so some tile has a side of nonzero pp-adic valuation, and an entropy estimate against a lower-dimensional reduction gives the constant 1−1/log⁡231-1/\log_23. The manuscript's notes on the tab record the consequence for the threshold h(n)h(n) of Problem 770: for large nn, P(n)≤h(n)≤max⁡{P(n),nθ+ε}P(n)\le h(n)\le\max\{P(n),n^{\theta+\varepsilon}\}, and under GRH h(n)≤max⁡{P(n),C(log⁡n)2}h(n)\le\max\{P(n),C(\log n)^2\}.

Submission note. Posted to erdosproblems.com as a proof claim by Samuel Korsky (account SamKorsky) on 5 August 2026, giving "GPT-5.6 Pro" as the AI used:

We prove for odd nn that for every $\varepsilon>0

$c(n)≤>(Cεn1/(4e)+ε)n,\$ c(n)\le > \bigl(C_\varepsilon n^{1/(4\sqrt e) + \varepsilon}\bigr)^n,

with

n1/(4e)+εn^{1/(4\sqrt e)+\varepsilon} replaced by C(log⁡n)2C(\log n)^2 under GRH. For even nn, we prove that

c(n)≥((1−1log⁡23)n−log⁡2>n−O(1))2n.c(n)\ge\left(\left(1-\frac1{\log_2 3}\right)n-\log_2 > n-O(1)\right)2^n.

The upper bounds combine a numerical-semigroup reduction

with character-nonresidue estimates and a product amplification inside the subgroup xn=1⊂Fq×{x^n=1}\subset\mathbb F_q^\times. The lower bound uses a pp-adic congruence obstruction preserved by doubling and deleting unit cubes. Much of the work for the upper bound and all of the work for the lower bound was performed by GPT - I think the lower bound argument is especially interesting! Notes: There is application to Erdős Problem 770; if $P(n)=\max{p\text{ prime},,p-1\mid n}$ and

h(n)=min⁡{M>2:gcd⁡2≤m≤>M(mn−1)=1},h(n)=\min\left\{M>2:\gcd_{2\le m\le > M}(m^n-1)=1\right\},

the argument gives, for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 and all

sufficiently large nn,

P(n)≤h(n)≤max⁡{P(n),n1/(4>e)+ε},P(n)\le h(n)\le\max\{P(n),n^{1/(4\sqrt > e)+\varepsilon}\},

and under GRH,

h(n)≤max⁡{P(n),C(log⁡n)2}.>h(n)\le\max\{P(n),C(\log n)^2\}. >

Consequently h(n)=P(n)h(n)=P(n) whenever P(n)P(n) exceeds the corresponding scale;

this answers the large-P(n)P(n) part of Problem 770 unconditionally above the Burgess exponent and, under GRH, for every fixed positive-power threshold. The density and liminf questions remain open.

Covers. The upper bound on c(n)c(n) for all large nn in terms of P(n)P(n) and the Burgess exponent, which gives c(n)=o(nn)c(n)=o(n^n) along the odd integers and so a negative answer to the uniform question c(n)≫nnc(n)\gg n^n; the lower bound of order n2nn2^n for even nn, above the bound 2n+1−12^{n+1}-1 of Connor and Marmorino; and, conditionally on the generalized Riemann hypothesis, the polylogarithmic form of the upper bound. The order of c(n)c(n) is not determined, and the case n+1n+1 prime, in which P(n)=n+1P(n)=n+1 and the stated upper bound has the shape (Cn)n(Cn)^n, is not improved.

Standing. The manuscript is unpublished and unrefereed; the site's label is unchanged, its page was last edited on 1 October 2025, and no reviewer was recorded as of 2026-10-07. The one comment on the entry is the author's own, of 21 September 2026, announcing further results obtained with the AI system it names as Astra, a lower bound c(n)≥n2nc(n)\ge n2^n for all large nn and an unconditional upper bound ((4/e2+o(1))log⁡2n)n((4/e^2+o(1))\log^2n)^n for almost all nn, with details to follow; a thread comment is not a dated manuscript and gets no page, and nothing of it is adopted here. The corpus has not checked the proofs. The claim is therefore claimed. The earlier listing of Jeffrey Zeng, on Zeng's claim page, gives the weaker exponent 1/21/2 for odd nn by an elementary route; the manuscript cites it and does not use it.